The study on “Competition in India’s Energy Sector ” was commissioned to The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI). The overall objective of the study was to assess competition issues in India’s energy sector comprising of electricity, oil & gas and coal sectors. Study shows that in India, there is limited competition in the energy sector. Private participation is very limited in all forms of energy (electricity, oil & gas and coal) and sector is completely dominated by state own public sector companies. Private participation and investment in energy (electricity, oil & gas and coal) continue to be below expectations. Reasons for limited competition can broadly be attributed to structural issues, policy and regulatory issues, barriers to entry, lack of level playing field, abuse of dominant position, and institutional issues.